Assiqitobs to



c. F. KETTERING AND w. A. CHRYST.

ENGINE smnme SYSTEM. APPLICATION FILED MAY 25.1915.

1 3 1 2, 54:9 Patented Aug. 12, 1919.

' v 4.3 s SHEETSSHEET I.

C. F. KETTERING AND W. A. CHRYST.

ENGINE STARTING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 25. ISIS- 1,3 1 2,549. I Patented Aug. 12, 1.919.

3 SHEETS SHEET 2.

C. F. KETTERING AND W. A. C'HRYSI.

ENGINE STARTING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 25. I915.

Patented Aug. 12, 1919.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3- IIIIIIIIIIIIIl/I/III/I UNITED sTATEs PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES F. KETTERING WILLIAM A. CHRYST, OF DAYTON, OHIO, ASSIGNOB-S TOTHE DAYTON ENGINEERING LABORATORIES COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF OHIO.

ENGINE STARTING SYSTEM.

larly to that type of starting systems which are to be applied to thedriving motors of self-propelled vehicles.

tion is to provide a starting system which includes a motor-generator,which may be operable as a four pole motor of high torque when used as amotor for starting the engine, and can then be converted into a two polegenerator when the engine becomes'selfactuating and tends to run themotor-gem erator as a generator to supply current for chargingof storagebatteries, or for supplying current for the ignition system, lightmgsystem or other purposes.

It 18 another object of the present invention to provide a startingsystem, wherein. the motor-generator may be operated as a four polemotor of high torquefor actually starting the engine, and as a two polemotor for securing the initial operation of the electric machine, so asto facilitate the mechanical connecting up of the electric machine withthe engine for starting purposes.

Further objects and advantages of the present improvements will beapparent from the following description, reference being had to theaccompanying d1 swings, wherein a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention is clearly set forth.

In the drawings hereto annexed:

Figure 1 is a general diagram of the circuit connections employed incarrying out the invention.

Fig. Qis a top plan view of the engine. of a motor vehicle, showin thelocation and relation of the dynamo-e ectric machine used therewith;

Fig. 3 is a plan view of the dynamo-electric machine with parts of thecasing and frame in section.

Fig. 4 is an end view of the same.

Fig. 5 is a sectional view of the dynamoelectric machine, showing theform and con- Among the objects of the present inven- Serial No. 30,399.

struction of the field magnets and other parts.

Figs. 6 and 7 are detail views of portions of the field structure.

Fig. 8' is an enlarged sectional detail of the gearing used with themachine.

Fig. 9 is an end view of the gears.

Fig. 10 is an enlarged side view of the commutator end of the machine.

Fig. 11. is an end view of the brush shifting and controlling mechanism,and

Fig. 12 is a detail view of a cam for shifting the brushes.

In these drawings the well known appurtenances of a motor vehicle, suchas are almost universally employed, and hence well known. are notillustrated except diagrammatically, the illustration being confined tothe novel features of the invention, except in Fig. 2, which shows thegeneral arrangement of parts mounted on a chassis 2. The dynamo-motor inthis figure is designated by 3 and its gear connection with the engineby 4.

Referring now to Fig. 11, there is shown in section a camming rod 5adapted to be connected with and operated by a hand lever or foot pedal,which is not shown. On the rod 5 is a cam 6 shown in Fig. 12,which'engages a lug 7 on a camming ring 8 mounted at the end of thedynamo-motor by means of pins or screws 9 assing through curved slots 10in the ring. ccording to the relative position of the cam 6, the ring 8is shifted around the axial center of the machine, a spiral spring orsprings 11 tending to rotate it at all'times in a direction opposite tothat in which it is forced by thecam 6.

On studs 12. Fig. 10. fixed to the frame of the machine, a plurality ofbrushes, illustrated herein as four in number. 13, 14, 15, and 16. aremounted, and by means of springs 17 are normally impelled towardthesegments of a commutator 18. On other studs 19, are mounted two brushes20, which are similarly impelled by springs toward the commutator 42. Asshown in the drawings, the brushes 20 bear upon diametrically oppositepoints of their con'unutator. while the brushes 13 to 16 are located atpoints 90 from each other and intermediate to the brushes 20.

. On the ring 8 are laced insulating studs or projections 21, wiich,according to the position of the ring. enga e with brushes 20 or brushes14 and 16, an while in such enagement lift one or the other set ofbrushes from the commutators. The brushes 14 and 16 have pins or studs22 which are adapted to engage with similar pins 23 on brushes 13 and15, so that when the former are lifted by the pins or studs 21 they turnthe latter about their ivotal bearings and all four brushes aresimilarly shifted. Other means may be employed for raising the brushes,if so desired. In the normal position of the parts above described, thecam 6 is in full operative engagement with the lug 7, and the ring 8 ismaintained 1n the position in which the brushes 20 are in con- .tactwith and the brushes 13 to 16 are raised from their respectivecommutators, but in Fig. 11 the parts are shown as in the extremeopposite relations, with the brushes 20 raised and the others lowered.

The various gear connections are shown in Figs. 8 and 9, in which 24represents the armature shaft of the dynamoanotor. This shaft carriesnear its end a pinion 25 and a clutching element, which comprises a disk26 with'notches of the form shown in Fig. 9. Concentric with the clutchdisk is a gear wheel 27 and rollers or balls 28 are retained inthenotches between closing plate 29 and the inner periphery of the gearwheel 27 A projection 30 from the gear wheel 27 is connected with thetiming gears in the engine.

Beneath the armature shaft and parallel therewith is a shaft or spindle31 which carries a clutching element 32 similar in construction to thatdescribed above, and provided wih a pinion 33. A gear wheel 34concentric with and cooperating with the clutch element, carries a yokeor grooved extension 35, and the clutch and pinion are loosely mountedon the shaft 31 and slidable thereon, so that in one position the pinion33 will gear with the wheel 27 and the gear 34 with the pinion 25, butwhen moved to the right, see Fig. 8, it will be entirely out of suchgear.

The movement of the clutch element 32 is effected and controlled byshifting rods 36, Fig. 3, the free ends of which engage with the yoke orgroove 35, while their opposite ends are secured in iron blocks 37fitted to slide in receptacles formed by the pole pieces of the dynamo,and covers 38, as shown in Fig. 5.

In Fig. 3 the above described elements are shown in their normalposition, but assuming tlie field magnet of the dynamo-motor to bestrongly energized, its frame or pole pieces will tend to draw theblocks 37 toward the gear wheels. The attraction of the blocks 37 towardthe pole pieces of the field magnets is due not only to the increase inthe flux in the magnetic field, but is also due to a change of polarityof certain of the pole pieces, which will be described later, re-

sulting in a rearrangement of the magnetic circuit in such a manner asto aid very materially in the attraction of the said blocks 37. Thiswill move the gear wheel 34 and clutch 32 to the right against the forceof a spiral spring 39, and bring the gear 34 and pinion 25 and pinion 33and gear 27 into mesh. These parts are returned to normal position byspring 39 as soon as the circuit in the dynamo motor is interrupted.

The result of the meshing of the gears above set forth is as follows:hen the circuit to the dynamo motor is closed, the latter will slowlyrotate and shift the clutch to the right to establish the gearingconnection described. The cranking operation of the engine will thus beeffected and the shaft 24 will be turned in an anticlockwise direction.The rollers 28 of the clutch 26 traveling to the wide portion of thenotches will now slip, but the clutch 32 will bind, and power will thenbe transmitted through the pinion 25, the gear wheel 34, the pinion 33,the gear wheel 27 and the projection 30 to the timing gears of theengine. As soon as the engine becomes self-actuated, its speed willgreatly increase, which will result in the projection 30 being driven bythe engine instead of by the dynamomotor, whereupon the gear 27 will berotated in a counter-clockwise direction, which will result in lockingthe clutch 26 and causing a direct drive of the shaft 24. At the sametime, the pinion 33 will be rotated by the gear27 in a clockwisedirection, whereby the rollers of clutch 32 will be caused to slip, thuspreventing any ill effect due to the difference in speed between the twogear wheels 27 and 34.

In Figs. 6 and 7 is illustrated the preferred construction of the frameor polar structure of the dynamo motor. The field cores are composed ofgroups of laminae 40 and 41 bolted together and then united, asillustrated.

The circuit connections and mode of operation of the invention areillustrated in Fig. 1. In this figure the rod 5, which, as abovedescribed, may be moved either by a pedal or by a lever, is shown asprovided with a double cam 43 in addition to the cam 6 of Fig. 12. Whenthis rod is forced to'the left for starting the engine, the insulatedstud 44. which normally rests upon the lowest step of the cam 43 isforced by the second step to lower the contact 45 to which it isattached into engagement with a contact terminal 46 beneath it. Thenormal or inoperative condition of the circuits and other elements is asrepresented in the figure, but theoperation of the rod 5 abovedescribed, brings about the closing of what may be termed the initialcranking circuit, this movement not being sufficient to cause cam (S toraise the brushes 20. nor to lower the brushes 14 and 16 into contactwith their commutator. The circuit connections established by theinitial movement of the rod 5 may be thus specifically traced. From thebattery 17 through wires 48 and 4:9 to and through contacts and 16 atwhich point the circuit divides, a portion of the current flowingthrough wire to one of the two dynamo windings 51, thence through wireto the other half of the same winding, then by wire 53 to the lowerterminal 5-1 of a voltage regulator through the resistance coil 55,which is on the plunger element of the regulator, to the the ground orframework' of the machine to which the opposite terminal of the batteryis connected.

The other branch of the circuit thus formed is from the contact 16across to a contact 56 engaging therewith, wires 57 and 58, across thetwo brushes 20, the commutator, and back to the battery through theground or frame of the machine. These two circuits thus formed, onethrough the fine wire field coils 51 and the other through the twobrushes 20 will operate the dynamo very slowly as a motor to permit themeshing of the various gears.

A further movement of the rod 5 causes another step of the cam 13 toengage the stop 4-1 and moves the latter to a position in which itbreaks the contact between terminals 56 and 46 and at the same timebrings the cam 6 into operation to lower the four motor brushes andraise the two generator brushes. whereupon the dynamo would opcrate as amotor with a strong torque by the establishment of the followingcircuits: from the battery 47, through conductor 18 to the point 59,where the path branches,

one part leading through field coils 60 to the motor brush 16, fromwhich the current divides to the two motor brushes 13 and 15 and thenceto the frame of the machine back to the battery. The other branch is tomotor field coil 61 to the brush 14 and thence to brushes 13 and 15 andback to the battery.

Another path for current will at the same time be formed as follow-s:from the battery, through wires +18 and 49, across the contacts 15 and46, wire 50, the two fine wire coils 51 of the dynamo to and through theresistance coil 55 to the frame of the machine and back to the battery.

As a result of the completion of these circuits, the dynamo will beconverted into a four pole motor of heavy torque with a field magnetenergized by both. the coarse wire coils and 61 and the fine wire coils51, and will operate with afield of sufiicient strength to fully actuatethe gear shifting mechanism 36 and 37 of Figs. 1 and 5 and start themotor in operation.

As soon as this operation has been effected and the engine 1s running,the rod 5 is permitted, by the operation of a pedal or lever, to returnto its normal positionto re establish the circuit conditions shown inlower those of the generator.

the following circuits: Starting from the generator brush 20 on theright, the path of current is through wires 58 and 57, across thecontacts 56 and 16, wire 50, generator fields 51, wire 53, resistancecoil 55, and to the frame of the machine back to the opposite generatorbrush. ality the shunt circuit of the generator which, as appears fromthe above description, includes the governor or regulating resistanceunit 55 of the voltage regulator.

The charging circuit is as follows: from the right hand generator brush20 through wire 58, wire 62, to the point (53, where the circuit willbranch, one path being through wire 64 to the coil 65 of the voltageregulator, through wire 66 and the rheostat coil 67 to the frame of themachine, and the otherpath from point (33, the line wire coil of thecut-out relay 68 to the frame of the machine. The current passingthrough this coil 68 will attract the armature (39, closing contacts 70,which will then permit the current to flow directly from 63 to andthrough the coarse-wire coil 71 and through the contacts 70, the wire72, and wire 48 to the bat tery and back through the frame of themachine to the left hand brush.

In view of the above further description of operation is hardlynecessary. The circuit being closed, the pedal or lever operating therod 5 is shifted to start the engine. This results in first directingthe current through the generator brushes and the fine wire coils of thegenerator and slowly revolving the gears. caused to engage, thegenerator brushes,'by the further movement of the rod 5 are lifted andthe motor brushes lowered into engagement with the commutator. Theengine is thus started by a motor of high torque, and as soon as itbecomes self-propelling the rod 5 is drawn back, which lifts the motorbrushes and lowers those of the generator which thereupon charges thebattery, under the control of the voltage regulator and cut out relay,which devices are common in arrangements of this kind.

From the foregoing description it will be noted that the circuitconnections are such that all field pieces are active, whether themachine is operating as a motor or as a generator. By active isunderstood to mean that the lines of magnetic force emanate from orenter the pole pieces whenever the field is energized during theoperation of the machine. VVhen operating as a motor, the pole pieces ofthe machine will be alternately positive and negative, taken in orderaround the armature. Thus the status of the machine will be that of amulti-polar machine.

As soon as the latterare This circuit is in re- I When the machineoperates as a generator, the change of field connections is such as toproduce a change of polarity of certain of the pole pieces, causing forexample, in the machine illustrated, the pole pieces on one side of aplane passing through the armature perpendicular to the axes of thefield windings, to be positive and on the other side, to be negative.The status of the machine is then that of a bi-polar machine, since theeffect is practically the same as if the pole pieces of like sign werecombined in one piece.

In other words, the effect of the field upon the armature of the dynamoelectric machine is multi-polar under one set of conditions, and bipolarunder other conditions.

In the foregoing description, the electric -machine has been referred toas a motor generator, a dynamo motor or as a dynamo electric machine;and it should be understood that any of these terms refer to the machinewhich forms a part of the starting system.

While the form of mechanism herein shown and described constitutes apreferred form of embodiment of the invention, it is to be understoodthat other forms might be adopted, all coming within the scope of theclaims which follow.

hat I claim is:

1. In a dynamo electric machine, the combination with an armature havinga motor winding and a generator winding each connected with a separatecommutator; of a plurality of pole pieces; means for changing thepolarity of certain pole pieces and for bringing the motor armaturewinding or the generator armature winding into operationin order tochange the status of the machine to a multi-polar motor or a bi-polargenerator, but permitting the number of active pole pieces to remain thesame.

2. In a dynamo electric machine, the combination with an armature havinga motor winding and a generator winding each winding connected with aconunutator; of a field comprising a plurality of pole pieces, a motorfield winding which when energized will produce a multipolar effect, anda generator field winding which when energized will produce a bi-polareffect, all of the pole pieces being made active by either winding; andmeans for Selecting one of the armature windings and for changing thefield connections in order to effect a change of status of the machineto a multi-polar motor or a bipolar generator. 4

3. In a dynamo electric machine, the combination with an armature havinga motor winding and a generator winding each connected with a separatecommutator and brushes cooperating therewith; of a field comprising aplurality of pole pieces, and a motor field winding which when energizedwill produce a multi-polar effect, and a generator field winding whichwhen energized will produce a bi-polar effect; and means for shiftingcertain of the brushes out of operative position while permitting otherbrushes to remain in operation, and for changing the field connections,to change the status of the machine either to a multipolar motor or to abi-polar generator.

4. In a dynamo electric machine, the combination with an armature havinga motor winding and a generator winding each connected with a commutatorhaving a set of brushes cooperating therewith; of a field comprising aplurality ofpole pieces and a field circuit; a means for shifting thesets of brushes into and out of contact with their respectivecommutators and for changing the field connections to change the statusof the machine either to a multi-polar motor or to a bi-polar generator.

5. In a dynamo electric machine, the combination with an armature havinga motor winding and a generator winding each connected with a commutatorhaving a set of brushes cooperating therewith; of a field comprising aplurality of pole pieces, and

-a motor field winding which when energized will produce a multi-polareffect, and a generator field winding which when energized will producea bi-polar effect, all of the pole pieces being made active by eitherwinding; and a movable member operating by shifting the sets of brushesinto and out of con tact with their respective commutators, and bychanging the field connections, to change the status of the machineeither to a multi polar motor or a bipolar generator.

6. In a dynamo electric machine, the combination with an armature havingmotor and generator windings connected with commutators; two generatorbrushes; a number of motor brushes greater than two; and two sets offield windings; circuit connections between the field windings and thebrushes; a movable member, and means thereon for shifting the circuitconnections and at the same time moving the several brushes, whereby themotor brushes may be maintained in contact with the motor commutator andboth sets of field windings in circuit, or the two generator brushesmaintained in contact with the generator commutator and one of the setsof field windings in circuit.

7. In an engine starting s stem, the combination with an engine ant astorage battery; of a dynamo motor having both motor and generatorbrushes and adapted to start the engine and chargethe battery when theengine is running, means for lifting the motor or the generator brushes,circuit connections for both motor and generator, circuit controllingmeans in said circuits, and a member operably connected with the brushlift- I ing means and the circuit controlling devices by the movement ofwhich the brushes bination with an engine, of a starting devicetherefor, including a motor-generator having a plurality of field'andarmature windings and pole pieces; mechanical connections between themotor-generator and the engine, whereby the motor-generator may beconnected to the engine to operate at one ratio of speed for startingpurposes, and at a diiferent ratio of speed for generating purposes; andan operating member operable to select certain of the field and armaturewindings, and the mechanical connections for giving the high speed ratiofor starting purposes and to select other of the arn1ature windings anda different arrangement of the field windings resulting in the reversalof polarity of certain of the pole pieces, and diiferent mechanicalconnections between the motor generator and engin when the engine isdriving the motor generator as a generator.

9. In a dynamo electric machine, the combination with a field magnet; ofan armature having a motor windlng and a generator winding eachconnected with 'a commutator; 1 a set of motor brushespa set ofgenerator brushes; a revoluble ring having provisions thereon forlifting either set of brushes while,

lowering the other according to its position;

and a movable member for turning said ring. f

10. In a dynamo electric machine, the

combination with a field magnet, of an arma ture having motor'andgenerator windings, each connected to a commutator; a set of motorcommutator brushes; a set of generator brushes; a mechanicalelemcntnormally p'ositioned so as to positively maintain'certain of themotor brushes in-inoperative position while permitting the generatorbrushes to be in operative position; provisions associated with saidcertain motor brushes, for causing the remaining motor brushes also tobe maintained in inoperative position when said mechanical element is innormal position; and an o crating member for shifting the mechanicalelement from its normal position, to efi'ect the shifting of thegenerator brushes out of operative position and to permit the motorbrushes to move into operative position.

11. In an engme starting system, the combination with an engine; of astarting device therefor, including a motor generator having a pluralityof field windings and pole pieces; mechanical connections between themotor generator and engine, whereby the motor-generator may be connectedto the engine to operate at one ratio of speed for starting purposes,and at a diiferent ratio of speed for generating purposes; means forchanging the polarity of certain of the pole 'for generating purposes;means for eifecting a rearrangement of the lines of fiux of the magneticfield; and means magnetically operated by said field upon saidrearrangement of flux for coupling up certain of the mechanicalconnections.

13. In an engine starting system, the com-- bination with an engine; ofa starting device therefor including a motor-generator having aplurality of pole pieces; gearing be-v tween the engine andmotor-generator; a storage battery; and circuit connections between thebattery and motor-generator ineluding a circuit making device movableinto normal position to effect the slow initial movement of themotor-generator .as a two pole motor, saidv device being movable intoanother position to effect a change of status of the motor-generator toa high torque multi-polar motor for the main engine starting operation,and said device being movable to normal position, after the engine 109has become self-actuating, to restore the status of the motor-generatorto bi-polar for generating purposes.

, 14:. In an englne starting system, the combination with an engine; ofastarting device 1 therefor including a motongenerator having 'aplurality of pole pieces; mechanical connections between themotor-generator and the engine; a storage battery; circuit connectionsbetween the battery and the motor- 1 I generator including a circuitmaking device movable into normal position to effect the slow initialmovement of the motor-generator as a two-pole motor, said device beingmovable into another position to effect a change of status of themotor-generator to a high torque multi-polar motor, and said devicebeing movable after the engine has be come self-actuating, to normalposition to restore the status of the motor-generator to bi-polar forgenerating purposes; and means rendered effective upon the change ofstatus to a multi-polar motor for coupling up certain of the mechanicalconnections.

15. In an engine starting system, the combination with an engine, of astarting device therefor, including a motor-generator hav ing aplurality of field and armature circuits and pole pieces; mechanicalconnections between the engine and motongenera- 0 tor; a storagebattery; and circuit connections between the batter and motor-generatorincluding a circuit making device movable into normal position to selectcertain of the field and armature circuits to eflectthe slow initialmovement of the motor-generator as a two pole motor, said device beingmovable into another position to select other armature and fieldcircuits to eilect a change of status of the motongenerator to a hightorque multi-polar motor'for the main engine starting operatiom and saiddevice, being movable after the engine has become self-actuating tonormal position to restore the status of the motor-generator to bipolarfor generating purposes. 7

16. In an engine starting system, the combination with an engine of astarting device therefor, including a motor-generator having a luralityof field and armature circuits and pole pieces; mechanical connectionsbetween the engine and motor-generator; a storage battery; circuitconnections between the battery and motor-generator including a circuitmaking device movable into normal position to select certain of thefield and armature circuits to effect the slow initial movement of themotor-generator as a two pole motor, said device being movable intoanother position to select other armature and field circuits to effect achange of status of the motor-generator to a high torque multi-polarmotor for the main engine starting operation, and said device, beingmovable, after the engine has become self-actuating, to normal positionto restore the status of the motor-generator to bi-polar for generatingpurposes; and means rendered effective upon the change of statusto amultipolar motor for coupling up certain of the mechanical connections.

In testimony whereof we affix our signatures in the presence of twosubscribing witnesses.

CHARLES F. KETTERING. WILLIAM A. CHRYST.

Witnesses:

J. W. MCDONALD, O. D. MOWRY.

